HISTORY OF COFFEE
Coffee is the kind of drink that comes from the processing and extraction of the coffee bean plant.
The word coffee itself comes from the Arabic: قهوة qahwah which means strength, because at first the coffee is used as a high-energy food. The word qahwah again changed into kahveh derived from Turkish and then changed again to koffie in Dutch. The use of the word koffie immediately absorbed into the Indonesian language into the word coffee is known today.
In general, there are two types of coffee beans, the Arabica (best quality) and robusta.
History records that the discovery of coffee as a nutritious drink and energetic first discovered by the nation of Ethiopia in Africa about 3000 years (1000 BC) ago. Coffee then continues to grow to this day to be one of the most popular beverages in the world is consumed by many people. Indonesia itself has been able to produce more than 400 thousand tons of coffee per side tahunnya.Di attractive taste and aroma, coffee also may reduce the risk of cancer, diabetes, gallstones, and various heart diseases (cardiovascular).
Beginning in Africa
Coffee beans era of discovery began around the year 800 BC, the other opinion says 850 M. At that time, many people in Africa, especially the Ethiopians, who ate beans mixed with animal fat and wine to meet the protein and energy needs of the body. The discovery of coffee itself happens by accident when a herder named Khalid Abyssinia, watching a herd of goat herds is maintained even after the sun goes down after eating a fruit bery. He also tried to cook and eat. This habit then continues to grow and spread to many countries in Africa, but the method of presentation are still using conventional methods. It was only a few hundred years later, the coffee beans are brought through the Red Sea and arrived in Saudi with a more advanced method of presentation.
The spread of coffee in Arabia
Arabs have a more advanced civilization than the African nation at the time, not just cooking beans, but also boiled to take the juice. In the 13th century, many Muslims drank coffee to stay awake so that the cult popularity of coffee also helped to increase along with the spread of Islam at that time until it reaches the region of North Africa, the Mediterranean, and India.
At this time, there is no cultivation of coffee outside the Arab region since the Arabs always export beans infertile (infertile) and how to cook and dry them first. This led to coffee cultivation is not possible Then in the 1600s, a pilgrim named Baba Budan India managed to bring out of the fertile coffee beans Mecca and grow in various areas outside Arabia.
Coffee reached the European market
The coffee beans was first brought to Europe in 1615 formally by a merchant of Venice. He got a supply of coffee beans from the Turks, but the number is not sufficient market demand. By because they were, Europeans began to cultivate them. The Dutch are one of the first European countries to successfully cultivate them in 1616. Later in 1690, the coffee bean was brought to the island of Java to cultivated on a large scale. At that time, Indonesia was still a Dutch colonial colonies.
Reaching into Martinique, France
In about the year 1714's, the French King Louis XIV to receive donations from the Dutch coffee trees to complement his collection at the Royal Botanic Gardens of Paris, the Jardin des Plantes. At the same time, naval serorang named Gabriel Mathieu in Clieu wanted to bring some of the tree to be taken to Martinique. However, it was rejected by Louis XIV, and in return, he led some troops to sneak into the Jardin des Plantes to steal the coffee plant.
Gabriel Mathieu Clieu success in bringing the coffee plant to Martinique is a very big achievement. This is because the cultivation of coffee in there pretty good. Only in the past 50 years, there have been approximately 18 million coffee trees with diverse varieties. Progeny that is the source of wealth one type of coffee in the world.
Coffee flowers to Brazil
In 1727, the Brazilian government initiative to lower the price of the coffee market in the region, because at that time the coffee was sold at a high price and can only be enjoyed by the elite. Therefore, the Brazilian government sends a special agent, Lieutenant Colonel Francisco de Melo Palheta, to sneak into France and brought home some coffee seeds. Coffee plantations in France has very strict safeguards so that it is not possible. Palheta was looking the other way by approaching the governor's wife. As a result of his hard work, he took home a bouquet of flowers containing a lot of coffee provided by the governor's wife after dinner. From the tops of these nations Brazil managed to cultivate coffee in a very large scale so that it can be consumed by everyone.
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